The presentation can serve as the basis for a classroom lesson dedicated to celebrating a birthday. The work presents material about the history of this family holiday and talks about the traditions of celebrating birthdays in different countries of the world.
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Class hour: “Birthday”
Objectives: Acquaintance with the history of the origin of the birthday celebration tradition; With celebration traditions in different countries; Development of cognitive interest in students Formation of a value-based attitude towards traditions Form: extracurricular event. Equipment: multimedia presentation; computer, projector.
It is special - a birthday, a day of excitement and fun. When you can express words of love, gratitude, recognition without embarrassment For care and attention, Simply for the charm of the Human soul.
Birthday is the favorite holiday of most people. And this is no coincidence, because it is on his birthday that a person celebrates the very miracle of life, the joy of his earthly existence. The birthday person is the center of general attention, receives gifts and accepts congratulations. A birthday is a special day in the life of every person, regardless of his nationality.
Celebrating a birthday is a tradition that originated in the distant past, back in the days of pagan beliefs. In ancient times, people believed that on the day of his birth a person becomes especially defenseless against evil spirits who try to harm him and can even steal his soul. In order to protect the birthday boy, all his relatives and friends gathered next to him, creating positive energy around him and protecting him from negative forces with good wishes and gifts.
History says that the ancient Egyptians were the first to celebrate birthdays. Later, this tradition began to spread to neighboring states. However, only pharaohs, kings and their heirs, and only males, had the right to celebrate birthdays. The day the girl was born was not even recorded. But after some time, women also gained the right to celebrate their birthday. The first woman to take advantage of this privilege was Queen Cleopatra II (2nd century BC). In the ancient world, as in the early Middle Ages, birthday celebrations were not given much importance. Most people did not use calendars and did not celebrate their birthday. And the very life of an individual person was not valued so highly as to organize a holiday in his honor.
In the modern world, each country has its own customs associated with celebrating birthdays. It is noteworthy that the attitude towards this holiday among different nations can differ significantly. In Russia, Birthday is considered a solemn day and is a favorite holiday for most people. According to sociological surveys, approximately half of Europeans do not like to celebrate their birthday and do not feel joy as it approaches, suffering from the need to organize a celebration with relatives, friends or co-workers.
In Russia, birthdays were not celebrated until the 19th century. More attention was paid to the celebration of Name Day. But Name Days began to be celebrated only in the 17th century. Name days were celebrated on a truly grand scale. Guests were treated to pies, rolls and loaves of bread. Songs were sung in honor of the birthday boy. In the 19th century nobles and merchants began to celebrate their birthday. But only in the 20th century. This holiday has become a traditional family celebration and has acquired great significance.
In Germany, the tradition of celebrating birthdays originated in the 13th century. Already in the morning, a birthday cake was prepared for the birthday boy and decorated with lit candles. The number of candles was equal to the person’s age plus one candle. The candles burned all day; burnt candles were replaced with new ones. And only after the festive dinner could the birthday boy blow out the candles, having first made a wish.
Great Britain also has its own traditions associated with birthdays. Invite guests to this holiday in advance - two months in advance. If a guest receives an invitation later, he has the right to refuse to attend the celebration, giving preference to activities previously planned for that day. On birthdays it is customary to predict fate. And in the birthday cake you can find a coin - a symbol of future wealth. People who reach the ages of 80, 90 and 100 years old receive personal congratulations from the Queen of England.
In Denmark, children's birthdays are celebrated with great trepidation. On this day, parents hang a flag on the window of the house, informing all passers-by about the joyful event in the family. In Holland, a child celebrating his birthday receives a bright paper hat as a gift from his school teacher. The birthday boy treats his classmates with sweets, and his chair is decorated with colorful ribbons, flowers and balloons. The Dutch celebrate the so-called crown years on a special scale: the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th and 21st years of life.
In Latin American countries, a girl's fifteenth birthday is celebrated especially solemnly. On this day, the girl dances her first waltz, first with her father, then with her young suitors. In some countries, on her fifteenth birthday, a girl gets the right to wear high heels for the first time. A similar tradition exists in the USA, only here girls celebrate not their fifteenth birthday, but sweet sixteen - “sweet sixteen-year-olds” on a special scale.
In Africa, the tradition of celebrating birthdays has also not developed. Most Africans still do not use a calendar and the concept of “year” simply does not exist for them. However, in some African tribes and countries, birthdays are celebrated twice in a lifetime, in others - once every 8 or 13 years. Residents of Muslim countries rarely celebrate birthdays. The Arabs do not have the custom of a festive celebration in honor of the day of birth. However, the Koran does not prohibit celebrating this holiday. And some men gather guests in the courtyard of their house on their birthday, treating them to traditional oriental dishes.
But in Japan, the tradition of celebrating birthdays is not developed. The holiday is organized only for children aged three, five and seven years. These dates are called "City-Go-San". These holidays are celebrated for all children on one day, which only for some children coincides with the actual day of birth. On a child’s birthday, it is customary to dress a child in new clothes and take him to the temple. A child's birthday in Japan is more considered an achievement for parents than a holiday for the child. Birthday gifts are only given to people on their 60th, 70th, 79th, 88th and 99th birthdays.
An interesting ritual exists in Thailand. Here, on the child's birthday, parents must release the animal. Merchants near the temples offer visitors, for a fee, to open a cage with a turtle or a bird. The wish made at this moment must come true. In India, parents, when sending their birthday child to school, always provide him with various sweets so that he can treat his classmates and share his joy with them.
It is noteworthy that the well-known ritual in Russia of pulling the birthday boy’s ears is common in different countries in different variations. This ritual of punishment was known in ancient times; it was performed with the aim of deceiving evil spirits. The tradition of pulling the birthday boy's ears for each year he has lived is widespread in Italy. In Brazil, it is accepted to pull the earlobe, and in Spain, click on the forehead. In Canada, the hero of the occasion is smeared with oil on the tip of his nose so that all bad luck slides off his nose, after which he is lightly punched in the chest. In England, it is customary to throw the birthday boy into the air as many times as he is old, plus once at random. The same custom exists in Ireland and Israel. And Ukrainians in the old days flogged a child on his birthday at the boundary.
Why, why is birthday very often called jam day? That's why, that's why kids love everything about cakes and sweets! Why, why Why shouldn’t we call our birthday “cake day”? Because, because Because, without a doubt, Jam Day is better than cake day!
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